Understanding Periodontal Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Periodontal disease—more commonly known as gum disease—can have a significant impact on your smile. While it might start with something as simple as gum irritation, it can lead to serious dental problems like tooth loss if left untreated. In this guide, we’ll explain what causes periodontal disease, how to spot the symptoms, and the most effective treatment options available. 

What Causes Periodontal Disease?

Gum disease starts with plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that builds up on your teeth. Without regular brushing and flossing, plaque hardens into tartar, and that tartar build-up can eventually lead to inflammation and infection, the first stages of gum disease. 

Several factors can increase your chances of developing gum disease, from genetics to smoking. Risk factors for gum disease include:

  • Diabetes

People with diabetes are more prone to infections, including gum disease.

  • Genetics 

Even with good oral care, some people are genetically predisposed to gum disease.

  • Hormonal Changes

Pregnancy, menopause, and other hormonal shifts can make your gums more sensitive. 

  • Medications

Certain medications can cause dry mouth, leading to a higher risk of gum disease.

  • Poor Oral Hygiene

Neglecting to brush and floss, or skipping your routine dental checkups will allow plaque and tartar to build up.

  • Nicotine Use

Smoking cigarettes, vaping, and chewing tobacco all weaken the immune system and make it more difficult for your gums to heal.

What Are the Symptoms and Signs of Gum Disease?

Gum disease doesn’t always cause pain, so it often goes unnoticed until its more advanced stages. However, there are several early warning signs that you should keep an eye out for. Make a dentist appointment if you have:

  • Bleeding gums, especially during brushing or flossing
  • Teeth that feel loose, or changes in your bite
  • Persistent bad breath that doesn’t go away after brushing
  • Pus between the teeth and gums (in more severe cases)
  • Receding gums, where the gums pull away from your teeth, exposing the tooth root
  • Red, swollen, or tender gums that may be sensitive to touch
  • Widening gaps between your teeth

How Do You Treat Periodontal Disease?

In its early stages, periodontal disease can be reversible with proper care. However, if left untreated, gum disease can lead to infections that cause tooth and bone loss in the jaw. Additionally, the infection can spread throughout the bloodstream, potentially leading to other serious health issues. 

Treatment for gum disease may include:

  • Scaling and Root Planing

This deep cleaning process targets plaque buildup on the tooth root, below the gumline.

  • Antibiotics

Sometimes an antibiotic medication is needed to control gum infections.

  • Surgical Procedures

In advanced cases, treatments like flap surgery or gum and bone grafting might be necessary to restore your gum health. 

We Can Help You Keep Your Gums Healthy

At Baker Dental, we believe that a healthy smile is a confident smile. Taking care of your gums is just as important as taking care of your teeth, and we’re here to help you every step of the way. Whether you need a routine cleaning or advanced periodontal treatment, our office is equipped with the latest technology to provide faster, more effective care. 

If you have any concerns about gum disease, or you just want to make sure your gums stay healthy, contact us to make an appointment today. 

Photo by Kaboompics.com on Pexels | used under the creative commons license for commercial use.

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